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Product Open 📝


An aspirational future state that we want to realize

What customer to target, what problems to solve for them, and how 

A plan of action for realizing your product goals

1. Product strategy is about defining...

2. Which of the following is true about Product Strategy?

A rigid cadence may result in delayed course corrections

Strategy decisions may not be informed by the necessary data & research

Key people may be excluded from the decisions made

3. Every quarter, your leadership team gets together to hold a fancy offsite and refine their company strategy.  What could potentially go wrong with this approach?

3. Every quarter, your leadership team gets together to hold an offsite and refine their company strategy.  What could potentially go wrong with this approach?

4. Which of the following can be used in developing Product Strategy?  

We allocate most of our time to tactical work

Our Scrum team is not hitting their Sprint goals

5. Which of the below is the clearest symptom of not having a deep understanding of Product Strategy...

5. Which is the clearest symptom of not having a deep understanding of Product Strategy...

When the competition introduces a similar product

When customer feedback indicates only 30% of features are used frequently

When the market conditions or customer needs change significantly

When customers demand new enhancements not on the roadmap

6. When should a company consider pivoting its product strategy?

Identifying the most cost-effective marketing channels

Ensuring the product's features align with competitors' offerings

Determining if a product satisfies a strong market demand

Analyzing customer satisfaction after product launch

7. What is the primary focus of a product-market fit assessment?

8. According to the Innovation Ambition Matrix, which quadrant focuses on incremental innovations within the existing business model?

8. According to the "Innovation Ambition Matrix", which quadrant focuses on incremental innovations within the existing business model?

Which two stages of a product's lifecycle delivers the biggest business benefit? 

9. Which two stages of a product's lifecycle delivers the biggest business benefit? 

10. The "Power-Interest" grid allows Product Managers to...

11. Agile might not be the best choice if... 

1 Product Owner, 1 Product Increment & 1 Product Backlog

1 Product Owner, 1 Scrum Master & 1 Product Backlog

1 Product Owner, 1 Product Backlog & 1 Product Goal

1 Product Owner, 1 Scrum Master & 1 Product Increment

12. A product can only have..

To demonstrate the completed work and gather feedback

13. What is the primary goal of the Sprint Review in Scrum?

14. True or False. The Product Owner should not participate in Daily Scrum

14. True or False. The Product Owner should not "participate" in Daily Scrum

The list of tasks assigned to each team member

The criteria that must be met for a product increment to be considered complete

The set of acceptance criteria that have been developed for each user story

The agreement that has been formalized with Stakeholders

15. In Scrum, what does the term "Definition of Done" refer to?

16. Which of the following are activities that Scrum Masters should not participate in?

Cancel the Sprint and start another one immediately, one that is only focused on the must-have features

Revise the order of Sprint Backlog items and let the Developers continue with the Sprint

Ask the Developers to work overtime, and in return, take a few days off after the Sprint

Extend the Sprint duration, until everything is finished for the release

17. One week into a four-week sprint, the Developers have realized that they won't be able to deliver half of the Sprint Backlog items. The Product Owner is not happy with this, because the customer is expecting most of those features for a release at the end of the Sprint. What is the best course of action for the Product Owner?

When the Product Owner decides to release it.

When the Scrum team decides to release it.

18. A Product Increment should be released into production.

As needed as long as it doesn't consume more than 10% of the Developers capacity

19. Product Backlog refinement should be done...

The team encountered a major blocking issue in the middle of the Sprint, which was resolved only toward the end.

There might have been incorrect assignment of stories to the team members

The team was not regular in updating their progress during the Sprint

The customer did not accept the stories till the end of the Sprint

20. The burn-down chart for a team showed a peculiar trend. It started dropping rapidly at the beginning of the Sprint, and then seemed to plateau in the middle. A day before the Sprint, the line dipped rapidly and reached the horizontal axis. Which of the following are likely reasons for this trend?

To gather feedback from customers on potential solutions

To identify and understand the customer's pain points

21. What is the primary goal of the problem interview in the product discovery process

22. Which technique is commonly used to prioritize features during the product discovery phase?

To observe and understand user behavior in their natural environment

To collect quantitative data on user preferences

To conduct A/B testing for product variations

To analyze market trends and competitor strategies

23. What's the primary purpose of conducting ethnographic research in product discovery?

24. What technique is used to visualize and understand the user's journey with a product or service?

To identify five potential target markets for a product

To dig deeper into a problem by asking "why" multiple times

To uncover the deeper motivations of customers in using a product

25. What role does the "5 Whys" technique play in the product discovery process?

To simulate product functionalities manually to gather feedback

To conduct A/B testing for various product versions

26. What's the primary purpose of conducting "Wizard of Oz" testing in the product discovery phase?

"What features do you expect in a fitness app?"

"Can you describe the challenges you face in maintaining fitness routines?"

"Are you familiar with our company's previous apps?"

27. A tech company is developing a new mobile app for fitness tracking. During the product discovery phase, they conduct interviews with potential users. Which inquiry is best suited to uncover user motivations?

Kano model analysis of potential features

Creating user personas based on demographics

28.  A fashion retail startup is in the product discovery phase for a new clothing subscription service. They aim to prioritize features based on user impact. What technique should they employ?

29.  Which of the following risks are not well mitigated by Product Discovery?

29.  In dual-track development, what happens if there is a conflict between the discovery track and delivery track findings?

Conducting user interviews after the product is launched

Updating the product roadmap based on the latest market trends

Collaboration of teams on backlog grooming sessions

Releasing features after validating their viability with end-users

30. Which action best demonstrates the synchronization between the discovery and delivery tracks in dual-track development?

Ensuring web based content meets usability standards

Ensuring web based content meets ethical standards

Ensuring web based content meets accessibility standards

31. What is the WCAG 2.0 standard for?

31. What is the WCAG standard for?

How much can we afford to spend on the design?

Will we use in-house designers or an agency?

32. What is the first question to consider when reviewing a design?

32. What is the first question to consider when considering a design?

https://storage.tally.so/39f20f68-58f7-4453-bd94-45e9d32cd6c0/UI-design.gif

There is no distinction between primary and secondary buttons

33. What is wrong with this design?

33. What is wrong with the design above?

https://storage.tally.so/a4d7b804-9f0b-49c9-8a80-eede230db480/Screenshot-2024-01-04-at-3.32.58-PM.png

34. What is wrong with this design?

34. What is wrong with the design above?

https://storage.tally.so/49deedc0-8214-467e-9074-24f07f3243e7/Screenshot-2024-01-04-at-3.43.49-PM.png

35. What is wrong with this design? 

36. Which of the following artifacts are used in the design process?

Assessing the product's financial feasibility

Analyzing the product's emotional appeal to a target user group

Evaluating the product against established usability principles

Measuring the product's market penetration

37. What is the purpose of conducting a "heuristic evaluation" in product design?

A visual element's ability to prompt the right action

The product's price affordability for a specific user persona

The product's use of accepted design patterns

38. In user-centered design, what does the term "affordance" refer to?

A design methodology that focuses on creating extremely detailed UI elements

Breaking down UI elements into smaller, reusable components or building blocks

Designing interfaces at a macro level before  considering micro-interactions

Creating designs inspired by elements found in nature

39. What does the term "Atomic Design" refer to within a design system context?

39. A product manager is overseeing the development of a new e-commerce platform. During the design phase, the team is discussing the checkout process. They're debating whether to implement a one-page checkout or a multi-step checkout process.

Which design consideration would best support the decision between a one-page and a multi-step checkout process?


40. Which component of a design system defines the foundational rules for colors, typography, and spacing?


We'll use unlabeled examples to train the model.

Emails marked as "spam" or "not spam" are labeled examples.

Words in the subject header will make good labels.

Labels are not needed for training supervised models.

41. Suppose you want to develop a supervised machine learning model to predict whether a given email is "spam" or "not spam." Which of the following statements are true?

It uses rewards and penalty methods to train a model

It is also known as a semi-supervised learning model

Chess playing computer is a good example of reinforcement learning

42. Which of the following is TRUE about Reinforcement Learning?

Supervised Machine Learning uses 'data' and 'answers' to derive the 'rules'

Machine Learning Algorithm + Instructions = Machine Learning Model

Many machine Learning projects have a high degree of uncertainty

43. Which of the following is NOT TRUE about Machine Learning

44. 'Label' is to a 'Dependent Variable' like 'Feature' is to...

45. The AI Virtuous Cycle results in

46. Which of the following are good reasons for not using ML?

Do I need to go to Emergency for my headache?

47. Which of the following ML use cases need interpretability?

48. Which of the following steps in Machine Learning takes the longest time?

49. Which of the following algorithms is best suited to predict whether it will rain today?

(True Positives) / (True Negatives + False Negatives)

(True Positives) / (True Negatives + False Positives)

(True Positives) / (True Positives + False Positives)

(True Positives) / (False Negatives + False Positives)

50. Precision in the Confusion Matrix is calculated as:

50. Precision in Confusion Matrix is calculated as:

51. Product analytics should begin with understanding:

52. A good definition of "active" users should be

A group of users with similar demographics

A group of users who performed an action within a defined timeframe

A subset of users with the highest engagement rates on your product

A group of users targeted for a specific product research plan

53. In behavioral cohort analysis, what does the term "cohort" refer to?

An activity histogram of user engagement by the total number of days they were active in a month

54. The "Power User Curve" is...

(New Customers / Total Customers at start of period) x 100

(New Customers / Total Customers at end of period) x 100

(Lost Customers / Total Customers at start of period) x 100

(Lost Customers / Total Customers at end of period) x 100

55. "Churn rate" is calculated as:

The group that receives the modified version of the product

The group that receives no changes and serves as a baseline for comparison

The group with the largest number of users

The group that provides feedback on both versions

56. What is the control group in an A/B test?

Users lose interest because of the long video

The test was not run for a long enough period of time

57. A software company tests two versions of their app's homepage: one with a video introduction and the other with a static image. The A/B test shows a higher bounce rate for the video introduction variant.

What could be a potential reason for the higher bounce rate on the video introduction variant?

Implement the free trial based on the successful A/B test result

Further investigate user behavior to understand "why"

58. A news website is testing two versions of its paywall: one offering a free trial, the other with immediate subscription prompts. After a one week test, they find higher subscription rates for the free trial variant.

What is the best course of action based on the A/B test results.

Aligning with the natural frequency of product usage

Combining user actions to create a new metric e.g. user "pins + clicks" 

Picking a metric that optimizes for revenue retention

59. Which of the following are good practices when deciding on a retention metric

59. What of the following are good practices when deciding your products retention metric

Yes, because funnels are easier to measure and optimize

Growth Loops are better as they enable sustainable growth

Which is better depends entirely on the context.

60. Are "Growth Funnels" better than "Growth Loops"?

PM job titles and scopes vary greatly from company to company

Many companies do not have a defined progression framework